PARTICIPLE
Test 1 https://forms.gle/Ad5zcEM11ZLcjX3k8
Причастие – это неличная форма глагола, сочетающая в себе свойства глагола, прилагательного и наречия. В русском языке ему соответствуют причастие и деепричастие.
У английских глаголов есть 2 формы причастия – настоящая и прошедшая
Participle Причастие | |
Present Participle -наст. Participle I (Verb + -ing) активное значение | Past Participle- прошед. Participle II (Verb + -ed/V3) страдательное значение. |
flying (летящий) playing (играющий) running (бегущий) sleeping (спящий) working (работающий) | played (сыгранный) stopped (остановленный) broken (сломанный) read (прочитанный) sold (проданный) |
В английском языке причастие настоящего времени имеет активное значение, а причастие прошедшего времени – пассивное.
1. The film was interesting. (active meaning) – Фильм был интересный.
2. I was interested by the film. (passive meaning) – Я был заинтересован фильмом.
1. It was a boring party. (active meaning)
2. Everyone at the party was bored. (passive meaning)
active meaning | passive meaning |
alarming (тревожащий) | alarmed (встревоженный) |
astonishing (изумляющий) | astonished (изумленный) |
disappointing (разочаровывающий) | disappointed (разочарованный) |
exciting (волнующий) | excited (взволнованный) |
exhausting (изнуряющий) | exhausted (изнуренный) |
humiliating (унижающий) | humiliated (униженный |
Если вы используете Participle I (V-ing), вы описываете человека или вещь.
The teacher was boring I nearly felt asleep.
Если вы используете Participle II (V-ed), вы говорите о том, что чувствуете вы или другой человек.
exciting – excited
I think football is a very exciting game. Я думаю, футбол – увлекательная игра.
Everyone at the stadium is so excited. Все на стадионе были увлечены.
Interesting – interested
I think being a nurse must be a very interesting job. Я думаю, работа медсестры очень интересная.
I am interested in looking after people. Мне интересно ухаживать за людьми.
Annoying – annoyed
My neighbors are very annoying. Мои соседи очень надоедливые.
They always play loud music and I am annoyed. Они всегда очень громко музицируют, и я раздражен.
Frightening – frightened
That horror film was too frightening for me. Этот фильм ужасов был очень пугающим для меня.
I was frightened even with the music in it. Меня пугала даже музыка в нем.
Participle может быть Simple или Perfect, в действительном или страдательном залоге.
Итак, английские причастия — тема не из легких. Упростим и подытожим их использование:
1) Present Participle (doing, translating) отвечает на вопросы: «Что делая?», «Какой?», «Что делающий?».
2) Past Participle (done, translated): «Какой?», «Что сделавший?».
3) Perfect Participle (having done): «Что сделав?».
Упражнение 1
Прочитайте предложения. Назовите причастия настоящего и прошедшего времени.
- He has flown to London three times.
- The sun was shining so I went for a walk.
- The man wearing a black suit is our teacher.
- The movie was extremely exciting.
- That girl looks lost.
- They have just arrived.
Упражнение 2
Выберите правильную форму и вставьте в предложение.
1. interesting/interested
This exercise is ________.
2. exciting/excited
On Christmas Eve, many children are so ______ that they stay up all night.
3. annoying/annoyed
My friend has a very ______ habit.
4. tiring/tired
I had such a ______ day I went straight to bed.
5. relaxing/relaxed
We were_________ after our holidays.
6. disgusting/disgusted
Their hamburgers are ________ .
7. satisfying/satisfied
I'm not __________ with my job.
8. boring/bored
George always talks about the same things, he is so __________.
9. disappointing/disappointed
I like this actor but the film was _________.
10.confusing/confused
English grammar can be________.
Упражнение 3
Open the brackets using the verbs in Present Participle and translate the expressions into Russian.
1. _______dogs (bark)
2. _______children (play)
3.________ girls (scream)
4._________ women (dance)
5. ________ducks (swim)
6.________ babies (cry)
7. ________water (run)
Open the brackets using the verbs in Past Participle and translate the expressions into Russian.
1.________ watches (repair)
2. ________сomputers (break)
3. _________students (bore)
4. __________doctors (worry)
5. _________boys (confuse)
6. _________exercises (write)
Упражнение 4
Choose the most appropriate answer:
1. We saw a lot of ______ chairs in the basement.
a) breaking
b) broken
c) having broken
2. You look ______ . What’s the matter?
a) worried
b) being worried
c) worrying
3. The man _______ with Mrs. Smith is her son’s teacher, if I’m not mistaken.
a) talked
b) talking
c) being talked
4. The second question _______ at the conference yesterday was very interesting.
a) being discussed
b) having been discussed
c) discussed
5. When I looked out of the window, I saw her ______ the street.
a) crossing
b) crossed
c) having crossed
6. I heard the children _______ over something and went to see what it was.
a) being fought
b) fought
c) fighting
7. _______ my work on the report, I locked my office and went home.
a) Finished
b) Having finished
c) Having been finished
8. The weather _______ pleasantly warm, we stayed in the park all day.
a) being
b) having been
c) is
9. Jerry drove the car, with his head ______ out.
a) stuck
b) being stuck
c) sticking
10. Teresa was writing with the light ______ .
a) burning
b) burnt
c) being burnt
Check your answers – 1B, 2A, 3B, 4C, 5A, 6C, 7B, 8A, 9C, 10A
Упражнение 5
Open the brackets and fill in with the proper participle
1. He fell asleep (exhaust) by the journey.
2. She entered the dining room (accompany) by her husband and her father.
3. A snake (sleep) in the grass will bite if anyone treads upon it.
4. (Fill) his pockets with apples the boy was about to run away when he saw the owner of the garden with a stick in his hand.
5. It was a bright Sunday morning of early summer (promise) heat.
6. When I came home, I found the table (lay).
7. (Judge) by the colour of the sun it should be windy tomorrow.
8. (Arrive) at a big seaport, I started to look for a job.
9. He had received an urgent message (ask) him to telephone Sir Matthew.
10. He looked at groups of young girls (walk) arm in arm.
11. In the wood they sat down on a (fall) tree.
12. (See) from the hill the city looks magnificent.
13. (Not know) where to go he turned to a passerby.
14. (Lock) in her room she threw a fit.
15. (Address) the parcel, I went out at once to post it.
16. She often took care of my little sister (give) me a possibility to play with other boys.
17. (Wash) her face in cold water, she came up to the window and shut it.
18. Paul sat down again, evidently (change) his mind about going.
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Сложные формы причастия
| Вид | Действительный залог | Страдательный залог | |
| Participle I | Simple | V+ing (eating – кушающий, кушая) | Being + III (being eaten – поедаемый, будучи поедаем) |
| Perfect | Having+III (having eaten) | Having been + III (having been eaten) был съеден (уже) | |
| Participle II | — | III (eaten) съеденный | |
having done — сделав
E.g. Having discussed all their problem the students elosed the meeting. Обсудив все свои проблемы, слушатели закрыли собрание.
2. Present Participle Passive:
being discussed — обсуждаемый, будучи обсуждаемым
being investigated — расследуемый, будучи расследуемым
3. Perfect Participle Passive:
having been done — сделанный, выполненный
having been committed — совершенный
E.g. 1. Having looked through all the papers and letters received on that day he left his office. Он ушел с работы, просмотрев всe документы и письма, полученные в этот день.
2. Having done all the exercises to the text, he began to work at the text itself. Выполнив все упражнения к тексту, он начал работать над самим текстом.
3. The problem being discussed at the conference must be solved. Проблема, обсуждаемая (которая обсуждается) на конференции, должна быть решена.
4. The report being made by professor N. is rather interesting. Доклад, который делает профессор Н., довольно интересен.
5. Having been translated by the students before the texts did not seem difficult for them. 'Г. к. тексты были переведены слушателями раньше, они не казались им трудными.
__________________________________________
Having bought a bike, she cycled home.-Купив велосипед, она поехала на нем домой.
Having lost the key, the boy couldn't get into the house.-Потеряв ключ, мальчик не мог попасть в дом.
Having graduated from the University, he decided to go to the Far East.-Окончив университет, он решил поехать на Дальний Восток.
Having lived there for a long time, he didn't want to move to another town.-Прожив там долго, он не хотел переезжать в другой город.
Ex. 4. Name the form of Participle: proclaimed, being investigated, committing, having adopted, having been appointed, having developed, being ensured, being directed, administering, having been protected, being tried, divided.
Ex. 5. a) Form Past Participle of the given verbs. Translate them into Russian.
Model: to compose — composed (составленный) to administer, to empower, to appoint, to ensure, to protect, to approve, to adopt, to elect, to direct, to constitute, to includc, to form, to pay, to express, to divide, to try;
b) Form Present Participlc of the given verbs. Translate them: to approve, to consist, to ensure, to direct, to develop, to maintain, to defend, to take measures, to administer, to divide, to represent;
c) Form Pcrfcct Participle Active of the following verbs: to investigate, to appoint, to administer, to supervise, to develop, to define, to defend, to maintain, to protect;
d) Form Perfect Passive Participle of the given verbs. Translate them: to appoint, to discuss, to interview, to elect, to approve, to guarantee, to implement, to found, to adopt, to preserve.
e) Translate the sentences with Participles:
l. Being washed by seas Great Britain has a mild climate. 2. Having developed its economy the USA has become a mighty power. 3. When reading this articlc the students will know much of the American w orkers’ life. 4. Having been translated into Russian this book is very popular with the young readers. 5. Having heard o f all the details of that situation 1 decided to help my friend. 6. Having been read long ago the text seemed new for us. 7. Having been put at the Congress these problems have remained very important today. 8. Great Britain has a highly developed economy.
Absolute Participle Construction
Обороты, в которых причастие имеет свое собственное подлежащее, называются самостоятельными причастными оборотами или абсолютными причастными конструкциями (Absolute Participle Construction). Они соответствуют в русском языке либо придаточным предложениям, либо самостоятельным предложениям.
The student knowing English well, the examination did not last long. Т. к. слушатель хорошо знал английский, экзамен продолжался недолго.
The US Congress consists of two chambers, each of them being elected by citizens of all states. Конгресс США состоит из двух палат, и каждая избирается гражданами всех штатов.
Как правило, если абсолютная причастная конструкция стоит в начале предложения, то она переводится придаточным предложением с союзом «так как» (поскольку, ввиду того что, когда, после того как, если).
E.g. The Constitution proclaiming the peaceful nature of the state, there is a special chapter in it formulating the principles of the foreign policy. Поскольку Конституция провозглашает миролюбивый характер государства, то в ней есть особая статья, формулирующая принципы внешней политики.
Ex. 6. Translate the sentences with Absolute Participle Constructions:
1. Big monopolies in the state having real power in the country, the rulers take all measures against any representative of the people attempting to find his way into Congress. 2. The Senate consists o f 2 members from each state, chosen for 6 years, one third being reelected every 2 years. 3. The Supreme Court of the USA consists of 9 justices, one justice being appointed as the C hief Justice. 4. The district courts being the primary link of the judiciary, most o f the criminal and civil cases are tried by these courts. 5. The exercise being difficult for the students, the teacher explained them how to do it.
The Participle Constructions (Сложные конструкции с причастием)
I. Конструкция, состоящая из существительного в общем падеже или местоимения в объектном падеже и причастия, называется “Accusative with the Participle” («Сложное дополнение»). Эта конструкция переводится на русский язык чаще всего дополнительным придаточным предложением. Она употребляется после таких глаголов чувственного восприятия, как to feel, to hear, to see, to watch, to notice и т. д.
E.g. I watched him working at the text. Я наблюдал, как он работает над текстом.
II. Конструкция, состоящая из существительного в общем падеже или личного местоимения в именительном падеже и причастия, называется “Nominative with the Participle” («Сложное подлежащее»). Эта конструкция употребляется, когда сказуемое выражено глаголом со значением ощущения, восприятия: to watch, to see, to hear и т. д.
E.g. He was watched working at the text. Наблюдали, как он работает над текстом.
III. Конструкция «существительное + причастие прошедшего времени» употребляется в функции сложного дополнения и указывает на действие, которое выполнено или выполняется не самим подлежащим, а каким-то другим лицом для подлежащего и по его желанию. Эта конструкция употребляется после глаголов: to have, to get, to want, to wish и состоит из существительного в общем падеже или местоимения в объектном падеже и причастия прошедшего времени.
E.g. Не has the article translated. Ему перевели статью.
Ex. 7. Translate the sentences with Participle Constructions: 1. The article being interesting and important, 1 used it in my report. 2. He sat watching TV, the newspaper forgotten on his knees. 3. He is going to have this job finished. 4. The door being opened, we heard the tcachcr speaking with a student. 5. Mike’s uniform needs ironing, and Pete’s shoes need polishing. 6. Mike had the TV set repaired some days ago. 7. The text being easy, the students could read and translate it easily. 8. If read, the article must be discussed. 9. You must go to the hairdresser’s and have your hair cut. 10.I heard him answering the question on the US Constitution. 11. The people want the public order being always maintained. 12. Freedom of speech and demonstration was reported being violated. 13. The teacher felt him knowing that problem not quite well.
Ex. 8. Read the international words properly. Give their equivalents in Russian: Congress; Senate; bills; resolutions; President; presidential; resident; programmes; to recommend; secretaries; advocates; interests; system; criminal; civil; constitution; nation.
Ex. 9. Give the corresponding verbs o f the same root from the following words. Translate them: government; legislation; representative; election; head; interests; appointment; trial; recommendation; composition; dependent; legislative.
Ex. 10. Read the following words properly. Translate them. Use a dictionary when necessary: an amendment; a government; a branch; executive; legislative; judicial; presidential; to be held; a resident; to carry out; to appoint; an ambassador, to be composed of; representatives; particular, to sign; to pass; to try; similar, entire; a governor.
Ex. 11. Read the following word combinations; translate them. Try to say them in English by heart: by the Constitution of 1787 and the amendments to it; the executive, legislative and judicial branches of power; the Congress of the United States; the Senate and the House of Representatives; for a term of 4 years; the number of representatives from each state; to depend on the number of people in each particular state; in order to become a law; to pass both the Houses; the executive power in the United States is vested in the President; the presidential election; to carry out the programmes of the Government; to appoint Federal Judges; ambassadors to other countries; to be influential; Chief Justice of the USA; Associate Justices; to try criminal and civil cases; the governor of the state.
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