IT

2 курс

3 курс

ПЕРЕЧЕНЬ ВОПРОСОВ для специальности ОИБАС 

2 курс

1 семестр
Тема 1. Internet

Internet is an international computer network that provides users with access to information stored on thousands of different computer systems that tie together millions of different computers.
IP - Internet Protocol. IP address is a unique numerical address used to route packets to it across the Internet.
URL is the "address" of a document, image, sound, video clip or other resource on the World Wide Web.
Web 2.0 is the term given to describe the second generation of the World Wide Web.

Are the Internet and the World Wide Web the same things?

The Internet is the physical network of computers all over the world.
The World Wide Web is a virtual network of websites connected by hyperlinks. Websites are stored on servers on the Internet, so the World Wide Web is a part of the Internet.

A web browser is a kind of application you use to access the World Wide Web.
HTTP is a set of transfer rules, called HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) is used to link Web files together across the Internet. This is why web page addresses begin with http, followed by a colon and two slashes.
HTML, short for a Hypertext Markup Language, is a predominant markup language for the creation of webpages. HTML is written in the form of labels (known as tags), surrounded by less-than < or greater-than > signs. Markup is the process of taking ordinary text and adding extra symbols.

Тема 4. Online payment system

1 What is an electronic payment?
Electronic Payment is any kind of  non-cash payment that doesn’t involve a paper check. It happens through electronic or digital mediums. E-payment methods include mobile wallets, credit cards, mobile banking, etc. E-payments are quick and efficient
2 What are the example of online payment systems?
PayPal, Sberpay, GooglePay, ApplePay
3 What are advantages of e-payment?
Electronic payment is very convenient for the consumer. You only need to enter your credit card number and shipping address once.
4 What are the main drawbacks of e-payment?
The main drawbacks to electronic payments are concerns over privacy and the possibility of identity theft.
5 What are the ways to protect your online credit card transaction?
You can defend yourself against identity theft by using virus protection software and a firewall on your computer.
You should also make sure that you send your credit card information over a secure server. Your internet browser will inform you when a server is secure by showing a lock or key icon.

2 семестр

Тема 5. Internet security

1 Malicious software (malware) - Programs that can cause damage to computers or collect information without your knowledge. Malware is often downloaded from spam emails or websites that  are not properly protected.
2 Virus is malware designed to copy itself and spread to other connected  computers.
3 Spyware is the type of malware spies on users’ activities, usually to steal financial details or passwords.
4 Scareware - Malicious links disguised as security warnings warn you that your computer has a virus and try to scare you into clicking the link or download a program to fix it, but in reality the link leads to malware.

5 Ransomware is a form of malware that encrypts a user's files, demanding payment in exchange for the decryption key.
6 Phishing involves the creation of fraudulent emails or websites that appear to be from legitimate sources.

7 Social engineering is a tactic employed by hackers to manipulate user's into disclosing confidential information.

8 A brute force attack is a  hacking technique where an attacker uses automated tools to try every possible combination of usernames and passwords until they find the correct one.

9 The Zero Trust Security model implements never trust, always verify approach, including the need to verify and authenticate every user and device before granting access.

10 Advanced persistent threats are a type of cyber attack. APTs are launched by well-funded and highly skilled attackers such as organised crime groups, with the goal of gaining access to sensitive data or systems over a long period of time.

10 How can one safeguard against phishing?

Don’t follow a link from the email you don’t trust. 

11 What is the purpose of a firewall?

A firewall checks which websites and malware are trying to access your computer and helps prevent any unauthorized access. Most operating systems have built-in firewalls

12 A firewall is a cybersecurity tool that protects your network by monitoring, filtering and controlling traffic that attempts to enter or exit it. 

Тема 6. Web design and development

1 Web design and development is a process that involves creating and maintaining web sites.

2 Front-end development is developing the user-facing portion of a website or web application using HTML, CSS and JavaScript.

3 Back-end development - developing the behind-the-scenes portion of a website that handles tasks such as data storage and server-side scripting.

4 Prototype is a functional model of a website for testing and refining user interface, user experience and functionality before building the final product.

5 Mockup is detailed visual representation of a web-site or web page that includes desing elements but is not yet functional

6 Responsive design is designing websites that adjust layout and content based on device and screen size.

7 Framework is a pre-built set of tools, libraries and guidelines for developing websites or web applications.

8 Debugging is the process of finding and fixing errors or bugs in the code of a website.

9 Wireframe is a visual outline of a website or web page structure without colours, images or typography details.

10 Accessibility is designing websites and web applications for usability by people with disabilities.

 

Тема 7. Web hosting

1 Web hosting

2 Shared hosting

3 Dedicated hosting

4 Cloud hosting

5 Virtual Private Server

3 курс

Тема 7. AI

1 What is Artificial intelligence?
AI is the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think like humans and mimic their actions. It is any machine that exhibits traits associated with a human mind such as learning and problem solving.
2 What are advantages of AI?
Advantages of AI: 1) Reduction in Human Error 2) Takes risks instead of Humans 3) Available 24x7 4) Helping in Repetitive Jobs 5) Digital Assistance 6) Faster Decisions 7) Daily Applications 8) New Inventions:
3 What are disadvantages of AI?
Disadvantages: 1) High Costs of Creation 2) Making Humans Lazy 3) Unemployment 4) No Emotions 5) Lacking Out of Box Thinking

Тема 

1 What is computer addiction?
Computer addiction can be defined as the excessive or compulsive use of the computer, which persists despite serious negative consequences for personal, social, or occupational function. 

Тема 10

1 What is e-mail?
E-mail (electronic mail/электронная почта) is a system for sending and receiving messages on a single computer system or on an interconnection of computer systems, such as internet
2 What is chat?
Chat is a form of real time electronic communications where participants type what they want to say.
3 What is POP?
POP (Post Office Protocol/ почтовый протокол) is a protocol used to retrieve e-mail from a mail server.
4 What is spam?
Spam is any electronic junk mail (usually e-mail advertising) sent out to thousands or even millions of people with an e-mail address.

_________________________________________

Read the text. Write about your future profession. Why did you choose it?

I want to be a Programmer

I want to become a computer programmer. I am interested in computers. It is a whole new world.

Many people continue careers of their parents or grandparents but it is not the case with me.

My mother is a teacher and my father is a doctor. But I don’t want to be neither a teacher nor a doctor.

My favourite subjects in school are mathematics, physics, and, of course, computer science. I am not interested in such subjects as geography, biology or chemistry.

My hobby is computer games and computer programming. I have a computer at home and can spend hours working at it. It is much easier to do things on computer, for example to write a composition. You can change the text as many times as you want and you don’t need to rewrite everything if you changed something.

I think that the profession of programmer can give many opportunities. Computers are the most rapidly changing sphere of modern technology. We are living in the age of information. And I think that the future is just filled with computers. Today, people can work, go shopping or even go on dates sitting at their computers.

So I want to enter the university and study computer science.